A medical dressing is an item used to wrap a wound to cover a medical material that covers sores, wounds, or other injuries.
With the in-depth study of the pathophysiology of wound healing process, people's understanding of wound healing process is more and more profound, which leads to the continuous improvement and development of wound dressing.
First, passive dressing
Passively cover the wound and absorb the exudate, such as natural gauze, cotton mats and so on.
Natural gauze This is the earliest and most extensive type of dressing used.
Its main advantages are:
1, powerful and rapid absorption of wound exudate
2. Material economy
3, the production and processing process is simple
The main drawbacks are:
1, the permeability is too high, easy to make the wound dehydration
2, adhesion to the wound, replacement caused by re-mechanical damage
3, external environmental microorganisms easy to pass, cross-infection opportunities are high 4, dosage, frequent replacement, time-consuming and patient pain
Ii. Interaction Type Dressings There are many forms of interaction between the dressing and the wound, such as absorbing exudate and keeping the gas in exchange, thus creating an ideal environment for healing, blocking the outer structure, preventing microbial intrusion in the environment, preventing cross-infection of the wound, etc.
such as multi-polymer dressings, foaming polymer dressings, water colloidal dressings, alginate dressings.
Multi-poly Film dressings
This is a class of more advanced dressings, with oxygen, water vapor and other gases can be freely permeable, and the environment of granular foreign bodies such as dust and microorganisms cannot pass the characteristics.
Therefore, this type of dressing has the following advantages:
1, block environmental microorganisms invading the wound, to prevent cross-infection.
2, moisturizing, so that the wound moist, will not stick to the wound and will not produce replacement when the mechanical damage.
3, has self-stickiness, easy to use, and transparent, easy to observe the wound situation.
Its main drawbacks are:
1, the absorption of seepage fluid capacity is poor.
2, the cost is relatively high.
3, the wound around the skin impregnation opportunity is large.
Therefore, this type of dressing is mainly used for postoperative and not oozing a lot of wounds, or as an auxiliary dressing for other dressings.
Foaming multi-Polymer dressings
This is a kind of dressing through the foaming of polymer materials (PU), the surface is often covered with a layer of multi-polymerization semi-permeable film, some also have self-stickiness.
The main advantages are:
1, fast and powerful exudate absorption capacity.
2, low permeability, so that the wound to keep moist, to avoid the replacement of the dressing when the mechanical damage again.
3, the surface of the semi-permeable membrane barrier performance, can prevent the environmental particulate foreign bodies such as dust and microbial intrusion, to prevent cross-infection.
4, easy to use, good compliance, can be suitable for all parts of the body.
5, thermal insulation, cushioning the external impulse.
Disadvantages are:
1, due to too strong absorption performance, for low seepage of the wound may affect their own debridement process.
2, the cost is relatively high.
3, because of opaque, it is not convenient to observe the wound. This type of dressing has a wide range of adaptations, including a variety of medium to high seepage wounds, such as bedsores, lower limb ulcers and so on.
Water colloid Dressings
is currently one of the most advanced medical dressings, its main component is a very strong hydrophilic capacity of water colloids, carboxymethyl cellulose sodium granules (CMC), and hypoallergenic medical adhesives, coupled with elastomers, plasticizers and so on together constitute the main dressing body, its surface is a layer with semi-permeable multi-polymerization membrane structure.
This type of dressing has many similar advantages to foaming multi-polymer dressings:
1, can absorb wound exudate and some toxic substances.
2. Keep the wound moist and the bioactive substance released by the retention wound itself, in order to provide an optimal microenvironment for wound healing, can also accelerate the process of wound healing.
3, the formation of gel, protect the exposed nerve endings, reduce pain.
4, good compliance, the appearance of hidden.
5, for the wound to create a low-oxygen, slightly sour environment.
The main drawbacks are:
1, absorption capacity is not very strong, so for high exudative wounds, it is often necessary to use other auxiliary dressings to enhance absorption performance.
2, the product cost is higher.
3, individual patients may have allergies to ingredients.
The effect of water colloid dressing on chronic wound is particularly prominent.
Algal acid salt dressing This is a kind of natural fiber (oligosaccharides, polysaccharide) dressings extracted from natural seaweed plants, and a high-tech dressing made of fine processing procedures.
Its main advantages are:
1, powerful and rapid absorption of exudate capacity.
2, the formation of gel, can keep the wound moist and non-stick wound, protect the exposed nerve endings, reduce pain. 3, in contact with the exudate after the occurrence of na-ca ion exchange, the release of ca++ ions.
It plays the role of Hemostasis and stabilizing biofilm.
4, can be biodegradable, good environmental performance.
The main drawbacks are:
1, most products do not have self-stickiness, the need for auxiliary dressings to be fixed.
2, the cost is relatively high.
3, because of opaque, it is not convenient to observe the wound.
Iii. Bio-Active dressings It is active or can promote the release of active substances and sterilized silver ions, thus accelerating the healing speed of the wound.
such as nano-silver dressings, chitosan dressings.
Nano Silver dressing This is a kind of natural environmental protection of precious metals (silver) dressings, prepared using high-tech nanotechnology, this nano-silver has a strong broad-spectrum sterilization ability, and no resistance, at the same time has excellent tissue repair function.
This is a kind of high technology content, advanced dressing, has a broad application prospects.
Its main advantages are:
1, super-strong broad-spectrum sterilization ability, and no resistance;
2, significantly improve the surrounding tissue microcirculation, reduce pain;
3, after contact with the wound, so that the wound of the metal protease inactivation, reduce the surface of the wound zinc ions, increase the surface of the wound calcium ions, thus promoting wound healing; 4, natural, good environmental performance;
5, for the wound to create an ideal healing environment.
The main drawbacks are:
Does not have self-stickiness and requires auxiliary dressings to be fixed.
The burn wound selects nano-silver dressing.
Chitosan dressing
Chitosan dressing is a kind of high-tech wound dressing prepared from chitosan fiber extracted from shrimp crab, shell and so on, which not only has natural bacteriostatic, hemostasis and promotes wound healing, but also has good biocompatibility, biodegradability and biological function. Suitable for wounds with more effluent, such as post-operative wounds, ulcerative wounds, bedsores, the granulation period of chronic wounds and the formation of epithelial period.
Chitosan filler strips and cotton balls, but also suitable for a variety of lacunar wounds or cavernous wounds of hemostasis, healing materials, such as nasal surgery, sinus, after tooth extraction and so on. The demand for new medical dressings is different for different wounds, the wound needs to be evaluated before using medical dressings, and it is important to apply new dressings scientifically and rationally in view of various measures taken at different times in different cases.
